Draining the reservoir in HIV infection

ABX464, ABIVAX’s lead drug candidate, impacts HIV blood reservoir in a Phase 2a clinical trial

Jeffrey Bouley
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PARIS—Generally in the world, when one thinks of reservoirs, seeing them empty of their contents quickly or over a longer period of time would be a distressing sign. But when it comes to things like the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rather than water, emptying reservoirs is precisely what you want.
 
ABIVAX, which calls itself “an innovative biotechnology company targeting the immune system to eliminate viral diseases using its unique technology platform,” may be on a path to help achieve that.
 
The company announced May 2 that its lead therapeutic candidate, ABX464, had demonstrated the first reduction in HIV reservoirs ever observed in chronically infected HIV patients as measured by total HIV DNA detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs).
 
ABX464, the first drug candidate from ABIVAX’s proprietary antiviral platform, inhibits the HIV replication through a novel mechanism (i.e. the modulation of RNA biogenesis) that the company hopes will not lead to the development of resistance by the HIV virus and thus may have a sustained effect in patients—an effect that has been demonstrated in preclinical testing, at least. ABX464 is an orally available small-molecule agent.
 
“This is the first time we see a signal with any therapeutic candidate that it may be possible to reduce HIV reservoirs in patients,” said Prof. Linos Vandekerckhove at the University of Ghent in Belgium, a principal investigator involved in the study. ‘‘Now we are looking forward to learn how this drug can be optimized to be part of a multitarget approach to further reduce the viral reservoir.”
 
“We are excited to see this unique finding and are looking forward to further studying ABX464 as we would like to determine, through additional clinical trials, whether we can further increase the magnitude of the effect on reducing HIV reservoirs to the lowest possible level,” commented Prof. Bonaventura Clotet of the University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol in Badalona, Catalonia, and a principal investigator involved in the study.
 
In the ABX464-004 trial, 30 HIV patients were enrolled in Spain, Belgium and France. Patients were enrolled in a 3:1 randomization, receiving either ABX464 or matching placebo in addition to their current antiretroviral treatment during 28 days. The viral load at the start of the study was well controlled with boosted darunavir. After the 28-day treatment period, all treatments were interrupted until viral load rebound. Baseline and day 28 blood samples were taken in order to assess the potential effect of ABX464 on the HIV reservoir in PBMCs. The clinical trial has been completed with respect to patient treatment and follow-up.
 
Safety was the primary endpoint in the trial, and ABX464 was well tolerated with no severe adverse events in the treatment group. Among evaluable patients (four placebo and 14 ABX464-treated patients), a reduction in viral DNA copies/mPBMCs was observed in half of the treated patients—no responders were observed in the placebo group. Responders were defined as patients who had a decrease greater than 25 percent in total HIV DNA in PBMCs and a reduction of at least 50 copies.
 
Total HIV DNA in PBMC has been validated as a widely accepted biomarker for measuring the HIV reservoir. Specifically, in untreated patients, total HIV DNA load influences the course of the infection and is therefore clinically relevant, ABIVAX notes. In addition, a correlation exists between the pool of HIV-1 DNA and the replication-competent reservoir.
 
“These results in patients are a first and very important step in supporting the hypothesis that ABX464 could impact the HIV reservoir. Currently approved drugs can effectively reduce and control the replication of the HIV virus in humans, allowing many patients to live with chronic treatment, but no drugs have been able to eradicate the virus in humans because it evades therapy by hiding in what have been called by the scientific community 'HIV reservoirs,'" said Dr. Jean-Marc Steens, chief medical officer at ABIVAX. “In this Phase 2a clinical trial, during which patients were treated only for a short period of 28 days, we did not yet see an impact on the time to rebound after treatment interruption. Therefore, the next step will be to evaluate longer treatment duration with ABX464, which could lead to a profound reduction of the HIV reservoir and potentially become part of a functional cure for HIV patients.”
 
A separate Phase IIa clinical trial (ABX464-005) has already started to study the effects of ABX464 on HIV reservoirs in gut tissues. In this previously announced study, patients are receiving ABX464 for 28 days in addition to their antiretroviral treatment. Based on the results of the ABX464-004 trial, ABIVAX plans to amend the ABX464-005 protocol to extend the treatment period in order to observe the longer-term effects of ABX464 on HIV reservoir suppression. Initial results of the ABX464-005 study are expected in the third quarter of this year.
 
“Based on this first-ever clinical evidence that HIV reservoirs can be impacted in patients, we embrace the deep responsibility we have towards all HIV patients and the HIV community in driving this unique compound forward as rapidly as possible. Clearly, more research and clinical evidence are needed in order to achieve this goal,” noted Dr. Hartmut Ehrlich, CEO of ABIVAX. “In addition, these exciting data provide further validation of ABIVAX’s antiviral platform technology in being able to generate product candidates against a number of other viral diseases with a high medical need, such as dengue, influenza and respiratory syncytial virus disease and also, based on the anti-inflammatory properties of ABX464, the opportunity for this molecule in inflammatory bowel diseases.”

Jeffrey Bouley

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